#ukhistory #LHR #London #WW1
Woolwich Arsenal in South London, nd
… since 1671, the Home of the Whopper. Peak employment here occurred during World War One when the arsenal employed 18,000.
Trivia fun: ‘Bombs bursting in air’ were invented by Henry Shrapnel (1761-1842).
Undated, unused postcard.






![#GM #EMD #railroad #London
General Motors Diesel, Electro-Motive Division, London, Ontario
[CANADA TODAY: 60 YEARS OF LOCOMOTIVE PRODUCTION ENDED]
This photo shows the plant in the 1960s. The Electro-Motive Division of General Motors (manufacturing primarily diesel railroad locomotives) was sold off to private capital firms in 1995. Later the facilities, patents and technology of EMD were purchased by Caterpillar. Today, CAT announced that the plant would be shut down. Earlier, London workers had been locked out for not agreeing to a 50% cut in wages.
History
General Motors had a head start into mainline diesel locomotive design just before US wartime production controls began. With advanced diesel engines being needed for the US Navy, GM was able to continue research and development during the war while its competitors were not.
Because of Canadian import tariffs in the 1950s … obviously gone since the Canada-US Free Trade Agreement, and then NAFTA … GM was at a competitive disadvantage here. Canada’s other two locomotive manufacturers already had plants in Canada, thus ducking most of the tariffs.
In 1950, GM built the plant shown above in London to be able to sell large numbers of units in Canada - as steam locomotives were soon to be retired. In addition, ‘export designs’ for Asia etc, Newfoundland narrow gauge, and special Canadian locomotives (think cold climate and light prairie branchline trackage) would later be developed.
Trade Policy and its Effects
This plant began operating because of Canadian government policies requiring that capital goods used in Canada be manufactured in Canada. After ‘Free Trade’, the plant remained competitive for a while because of the low Canadian dollar - roughly $.65 USD
With ‘right to work’ anti-union legislation in Indiana (and another CAT railroad plant in Mexico) and training subsidies from that state … the Canadian workers are no longer required. CAT has excess capacity in a converted heavy manufacturing plant in Muncie where much cheaper labour will do the work.
‘Canada’s’ two largest railways have long since ‘continentalized’, purchasing more assets in the US.
Please note: CNR management doesn’t want you to refer to the Canadian National Railway - just call it ‘CN’, please. Shhh.
photo from: Locomotives from London; Peter Cox; 1968; Upper Canada Railway Society](http://25.media.tumblr.com/tumblr_lyufsxtGox1qd3g3go1_500.jpg)

